A risk assessment of mimosa pigra for hawaii and other pacific islands was. Evaluating the impact of a biological control agent. Mimosaceae poses a tremendous threat to agriculture, the conservation of wetlands and land use practices of the aboriginal people of australia braithwaite et al. Management and information links for mimosa pigra issg database. Class a except in areas where it is classified as class b mimosa has a statutory weed management plan pdf 2. The impact of biological control on the woody weed, mimosa pigra was investigated by comparing litterfall in 20012003 with a previous study performed at the same site, in 19841986, before biological control agents were released, and correlating litterfall to individual agent damage. Both distribution and abundance of the most damaging agent, the stem. A suite of established biocontrol agents have been introduced in australia and some asian countries, but better control is needed. The pink flowers on this phickly stem of mimosa pigra are clustered into small heads. Biological control of mimosa distribution mimosa mimosa pigra is a thorny shrub native to mexico, central and south america. This plant is not particularly hardy and will only overwinter in u. Mimosa pigra department of agriculture and fisheries.
Galerucini, from mexico is identified as a potential biological control agent for mimosa pigra l. So far, agents insects and fungi have been released. Female sex pheromone secreted by carmenta mimosa lepidoptera. Thirteen biological control agents have been released in the northern territory. Integrating herbicide and mechanical control treatments with.
Gracillaridae, plant competition and fungi under field conditions. Crawley 1school of biological sciences, universiti sains malaysia, 11800 usm pulau pinang. Mimosa is a thorny shrub which invades floodplains and wetlands and is established in the. Malacorhinus irregularis for biological control of mimosa. Biological control of mimosa department of environment. The impact of biological control on the woody weed, mimosa pigra was investigated by comparing litterfall in 20012003 with a previous study performed at the same site, in 19841986, before. If possible, anyone finding suspected mimosa pigra should immediately take steps to minimise the risk of it spreading. This paper describes surveys conducted between 1997 and 2004, for eight of these biological control agents.
The adverse impacts of weeds on natural ecosystems, together with the inadequate outcomes from treating weeds as a symptom, have escalated interest in finding efficacious control methods. It was most likely introduced to the darwin botanic gardens in the late 1800s as an ornamental plant. Photograph courtesy of the usda aphis ppq archive, mimosa pigra catclaw mimosa the inflorescence is a spherical head of tiny flowers that may be pinkishwhite, pink or mauvelilac in color. Also included is a study into the integration of non biological control methods with biological control. The adults feed on leaves of the host, and the larvae develop on seedlings, roots, and perhaps other plant parts. Gisbased habitat model to predict potential areas for the. Mimosa pigra is rarely found growing in wet, disturbed sites in highlands, okeechobee, martin, broward and palm beach counties.
Curculionidae were studied to assess its safety for release in australia as a biological control agent of the weed mimosa pigra l. Aspects of the biology and host range of sibinia fastigiata clark coleoptera. A program to find safe and effective biological control agents for m. Both agents, based on 1990s surveys were believed to have failed to establish. Ecological studies to optimise the integrated management. Establishment, distribution and abundance of mimosa pigra.
Both agents, based on 1990s surveys were believed to have failed. Sesiidae, a biol ogical control agent for an invasive weed in vietnam le van vang,1 chau nguyen quoc khanh,1 hiroshi shibasaki,2 and tetsu ando2. Biological control of mimosa pigra and integration with. It is native to the neotropics, but has been listed as one of the worlds 100 worst invasive species and forms dense, thorny, impenetrable thickets, particularly in wet areas the genus mimosa mimosaceae contains 400450 species, which are mostly native to. Mature sections yellowhaired seeds making up the long brown fruit 6 8 in. For more information, go to the australian governments department of. Hanoi, national institute for plant protection, vn biological control research center. Tropical life sciences research, 221, 3749, 2011 current status of mimosa pigra l. The prospect of biological control of mimosa pigra with fungal pathogens in australia. Preliminary studies on control of mimosa pigra in vietnam pdf 87 kb the prospect of biological control of mimosa pigra with fungal pathogens in australia pdf 82 kb evaluation of seedfeeding bruchids, acanthoscelides species, as biological control agents for mimosa pigra in thailand pdf. Biology and host range of the greenseed weevil, sibinia fastigiata, for biological control of mimosa pigra. Burkholderia mimosarum strain lmg 23256 t is an aerobic, motile, gramnegative, nonsporeforming rod that can exist as a soil saprophyte or as a legume microsymbiont of mimosa pigra giant sensitive plant. Mimosa pudica, commonly known as sensitive plant, is a lowgrowing, creeping, thorny herb.
Pdf biological control of mimosa pigra and its role in 21st century mimosa management on chanthy academia. Development of case studies on the economic impacts of. Controlling invasion of the exotic shrub mimosa pigra in. Weeds australia weeds of national significance mimosa. Testing the effects on mimosa pigra of a biological control. Current status of mimosa pigra l universiti sains malaysia. Insects introduced into australia for the biological control of m. Mimosa pigra hereafter mimosa is a woody perennial shrub with a. Papers presented at the 3rd international symposium, held in darwin, n. Information about biological, physical and chemical control of. Such inconsistencies have made project management difficult. Information about biological, physical and chemical control of mimosa pigra. Jun 15, 2014 other taiwanese mimosa species are nodulated mainly by cupriavidus taiwanensis and it has therefore been suggested that the burkholderia strains were introduced to taiwan, along with the invasive m.
Weed management plan for mimosa mimosa pigra 1 executive summary this weed management plan forms part of a strategic approach to mimosa mimosa pigra management in the nt, with the overall aim being to mitigate the damage caused by mimosa in relation to the natural environment, the territory economy and social and cultural land uses. It threatens biological diversity by replacing wetlands with an. Sprawling, often thicketforming shrub to 6 m 20 ft tall, with hairy stems bearing numerous recurved prickles to 7 mm 0. Biological control carmenta mimosa a moth that suppresses mimosa pigra growth by burrowing through its stemswas carefully released into standing mimosa pigra stems in lochinvar national parks vast wetlands, where a successfully established moth population guarantees a sustainable measure of control. The introduced fungal pathogen phloeospora mimosaepigrae. The introduced fungal pathogen phloeospora mimosaepigrae and. Phytophagous insects in five orders, 50 families, 101 genera, and 114 species constitute the insect fauna of mimosa pigra l. Mimosa pigra catclaw mimosa the flower head develops into a whorl of flat, segmented pods, each containing from 14 to 21 seeds. Biological control of giant sensitive plant mimosa pigra l.
Despite heavy damage from released and established agents that feed on the stems, flowers and seeds, more control is. Mimosa pigra will establish in a range of soil types and is found in moist situations such as floodplains and river banks. Proceedings of the xi international symposium on biological. It is native to tropical america and blooms from spring to summer wunderlin, 2003. No species were endophagous on flowers, fruit, seeds, or leaves. Mimosa greatly reduces biodiversity braithwaite et al. Controlling invasion of the exotic shrub mimosa pigra. Paucity of specialist insect herbivores in mimosa s introduced range wilson et al. Other management techniques, including herbicides and fire, can be ineffective and their impact on biological control agents is unknown. In australia, biological control is a promising long. Biological control agents are observed on mimosa pigra six. The dry stems and branches are often collected and utilized as firewood. Evaluation of the success of biological control agents is essential to improve the efficiency and safety of future programmes. However, recent dates surveys have shown that both agents did in fact establish and are now having an effect on mimosa.
Integrated weed management could we be doing better. Three insect species have established in thailand and 1 in malaysia. It is recognized that biological control would be the most costeffective and longterm control method for mimosa pigra. Three of these, the insects neurostrota gunniella, malacorhinus irregularis and coelocephalapion pigrae, were released in queensland in 2006 but failed to establish. Per12926 allows the use of metsulfuron for control of mimosa pigra. A biological control project in australia against m. One of the most abundant of these is the cerambycid beetle platyomopsis humeralis which can cause significant damage to m. Testing the effects on mimosa pigra of a biological control agent neurostrota gunniella lepidoptera. The prospect of biological control of mimosa pigra with.
Here, mimosa is regarded as their most important biological threat, being capable of transforming speciesrich tropical. The life cycles and current status of the biological control agents which have been released into australia for the control of m. Mimosaceae, or giant sensitive plant, is a tropical, woody perennial shrub originating from tropical america. This can be done in various ways, including abrading the seed coat being careful not to damage the embryo. Class a except in areas where it is classified as class b. Mimosa pigra hereafter mimosa is a woody perennial shrub with a deep tap root and can grow to 6 m tall. Mimosaceae, a serious weed of northern australia and asia. Mimosa pigra, commonly known as the giant sensitive tree, pigra lazy, slow, is a species of the genus mimosa, in the family fabaceae. Pdf biological control of mimosa pigra and its role in.
Major efforts in both integrated management paynter and flanagan, 2004 and biological control heard and paynter, 2009 have helped to ameliorate the m. Pdf integrated management of mimosa pigra researchgate. Seven insect species and a fungus have been released in australia for control of this weed and all have established. Over the last 19 years, 11 insect and 2 fungal species have been released as biological control agents against mimosa. Reasons for the possible success of this species on m. The objective of this trial is to develop a sustainable management strategy for mimosa, in which biological control is incorporated with other control options. Lmg 23256 t is highly effective at fixing nitrogen with m.
The stems are branched, 1 6 metres long, with dense growth. This work is part of the northern territory government csiro joint project biological control of mimosa pigra and integration with other control options, funded by the commonwealth governments natural heritage trust. Biological control agents are observed on mimosa pigra six and 12 years after their release in. Biology and host range of the greenseed weevil, sibinia. Controlling invasion of the exotic shrub mimosa pigra in tropical. It is native to the neotropics, but has been listed as one of the worlds 100 worst invasive species and forms dense, thorny, impenetrable thickets, particularly in wet areas. A computer model is being modified, to take into account the newly discovered spatial aspects of agent attack, which will allow the outcome of various control strategies to be predicted. Mimosa pigra ufifas center for aquatic and invasive plants. However, leaf litterfall was 20% higher than prior to the. Lessons from controlling the invasive wetland shrub, mimosa pigra quentin paynter1 and grant j. Preliminary studies on control of mimosa pigra in vietnam pdf 87 kb the prospect of biological control of mimosa pigra with fungal pathogens in australia pdf 82 kb evaluation of seedfeeding bruchids, acanthoscelides species, as biological control agents for mimosa pigra in thailand pdf 90 kb agents for biological control of mimosa.
Potential benefits of using native insects for biological. Biological control of mimosa pigra and integration with other control. The experiment to investigate the integration of control methods has been completed. This study assessed the impact of carmenta mimosa, a stem. Manual removal takes advantage of unskilled labour and readily available. Integrating herbicide and mechanical control treatments. Pdf biological control of mimosa pigra and its role in 21st. Biological control of mimosa pigra and integration with other control options. Summary two biological control agents a rust and a seed feeder released to assist with control of mimosa pigra mimosa in the mid 1990s. Biological control of mimosa pigra and its role in 21st century mimosa management.
With the aim of protecting wetlands from invasive weeds, this contribution uses the woody shrub mimosa pigra l. Evaluating the impact of a biological control agent carmenta. Biological control of mimosa pigra and integration with other. Lmg 23256 t was isolated from a nodule recovered from the roots of the m.
975 1434 833 1131 19 187 1333 453 629 107 68 1259 1565 685 209 891 1314 1164 1003 1427 601 1379 1436 633 1358 1264 984 558 860 589 722 311 1022